You can substitute your (terminal IFR approved) GPS for ADF or DME

? e.g. for DME fixes, DME arcs, navigation to/from NDB, NDB fixes, Holding at NDB.

? The NDB and/or DME ground stations can be inop.

? Use published (database) fixes or distance/bearings from them.

Be careful with (unnamed) DME final approach step-downs. The DME distance may not be the same as the distance to the active waypoint!

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